When do git and bash give me an advantage?

5. When do git and bash give me an advantage?#

so far we have used git and bash to accomplish familiar goals, and git and bash feel like just extra work for familiar goals.

Today, we will start to see why git and bash are essential skills: they give you efficiency gains and time traveling super powers (within your work, only, sorry)

5.1. Setting the stage#

Discuss your prepare work with your neighbors. Share what project you looked at and discuss the following. If you all looked at the same repo, split up and look at different ones now.

What things were common across different repos?
What was different?

5.2. Important references#

Use these for checking facts and resources.

bash
git

5.3. Setup#

First, we’ll go back to our github inclass folder

cd gh-inclass-sp24-brownsarahm/

Find your PR that I opened for you today that has the title, “2/6 in class activity”

I am going to use the gh CLI for this. It might not work on Windows unless you got gh and GitBash configured correctly.

gh pr list

Showing 1 of 1 open pull request in compsys-progtools/gh-inclass-sp24-brownsarahm

#5  2/6 in class activity  organizing_ac  about 1 hour ago

It shows me the number of total PRs and then for each one:

the PR number (remember there is one sequence of numbers for issues and PRs)
PR title
branch name
when it was created

Mine was 5, so I can view it with this command:

gh pr view 5

2/6 in class activity #5
Draft • brownsarahm wants to merge 1 commit into main from organizing_ac • about 1 hour ago
+17 -0 • No checks


  this draft PR https://github.blog/2019-02-14-introducing-draft-pull-
  requests/ adds some example files that we will use during class
  on 2/6.  \n\n wait until class time (or when you make up class 
  by following the notes) to do anything with this PR            


View this pull request on GitHub: https://github.com/compsys-progtools/gh-inclass-sp24-brownsarahm/pull/5

by default it shows the contents of the PR message and then the link to view in browser

Alternatively, we can use the --web option to open it in browser.

gh pr view 5 --web

Opening github.com/compsys-progtools/gh-inclass-sp24-brownsarahm/pull/5 in your browser.

Then we merged in the PR after converting it from a draft PR to a regular PR using the “Ready for Review” button.

Then back locally, we check where we are

git status

On branch fun_fact
Your branch is up to date with 'origin/fun_fact'.

nothing to commit, working tree clean

5.4. Organizing a project (workign with files)#

A common question is about how to organize projects. While our main focus in this class session is the bash commands to do it, the task that we are going to do is to organize a hypothetical python project

Put another way, we are using organizing a project as the context to motivate practicing with bash commands for moving files.

A different the instructor might go through a slide deck that lists commands and describes what each one does and then have examples at the end. Instead, we are going to focus on organizing files, and I will introduce the commands we need along the ways.

We’ll go back to main first

git checkout main

Switched to branch 'main'
Your branch is up to date with 'origin/main'.

Then we will get the update from main.

git pull

remote: Enumerating objects: 20, done.
remote: Counting objects: 100% (20/20), done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (9/9), done.
remote: Total 19 (delta 1), reused 17 (delta 0), pack-reused 0
Unpacking objects: 100% (19/19), 2.46 KiB | 114.00 KiB/s, done.
From https://github.com/compsys-progtools/gh-inclass-sp24-brownsarahm
   1e2a45f..9f39946  main          -> origin/main
 * [new branch]      organizing_ac -> origin/organizing_ac
Updating 1e2a45f..9f39946
Fast-forward
 API.md                 | 1 +
 CONTRIBUTING.md        | 1 +
 LICENSE.md             | 1 +
 _config.yml            | 1 +
 _toc.yml               | 1 +
 abstract_base_class.py | 1 +
 alternative_classes.py | 1 +
 example.md             | 1 +
 helper_functions.py    | 1 +
 important_classes.py   | 1 +
 philosophy.md          | 1 +
 scratch.ipynb          | 1 +
 setup.py               | 1 +
 test_abc.py            | 1 +
 tests_alt.py           | 1 +
 tests_helpers.py       | 1 +
 tests_imp.py           | 1 +
 17 files changed, 17 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 API.md
 create mode 100644 CONTRIBUTING.md
 create mode 100644 LICENSE.md
 create mode 100644 _config.yml
 create mode 100644 _toc.yml
 create mode 100644 abstract_base_class.py
 create mode 100644 alternative_classes.py
 create mode 100644 example.md
 create mode 100644 helper_functions.py
 create mode 100644 important_classes.py
 create mode 100644 philosophy.md
 create mode 100644 scratch.ipynb
 create mode 100644 setup.py
 create mode 100644 test_abc.py
 create mode 100644 tests_alt.py
 create mode 100644 tests_helpers.py
 create mode 100644 tests_imp.py

next we are going to pretend we worked on the project and made a bunch of files

I gave a bunch of files, each with a short phrase in them.

none of these are functional files
the phrases mean you can inspect them on the terminal

We can view the contents of a file with cat.

cat concatenates the contents of a file to stdout, which is a special file that our terminal reads

cat setup.py 

file with function with instructions for pip

Important

file extensions are for people; they do not specify how the file is actually written . these are all actually plain text files, despite different file exensions.

Before we start organizing, we will make a new branch.

git checkout -b organization

Switched to a new branch 'organization'

git status

On branch organization
nothing to commit, working tree clean

5.5. Files, Redirects, git restore#

Let’s first look at the README file

cat README.md 

# GitHub Practice

Name: Sarah Brown

Echo allows us to send a message to stdout.

echo "hello"

hello

Now we are going to put these two things together, but first let’s connect what we are about to learn to something you have probably seen before.

Think about a time you opened a file within a program that you wrote. For example

fopen in C
or open in Python

in both cases one parameter is the file to open, what other parameters have you used?

Typically we also have to tell it what mode to open the file with, and some options are:

read
write
append

We can also redirect the contents of a command from stdout to a file in bash. Like file operations while programming there is a similar concept to this mode.

There are two types of redirects, like there are two ways to write to a file, more generally:

write (>)
append (>>)

We will use append first. We can add contents to files with echo and >>

echo "hello" >> README.md 

This command does not return anything, because instead of writing to stdout, it wrote to the file.

We can see the impact by looking at the README file.

cat README.md 

# GitHub Practice

Name: Sarah Brown
hello

We can redirect other commands too:

git status >> curgit

we see this created a new file

ls

API.md			example.md
CONTRIBUTING.md		helper_functions.py
LICENSE.md		important_classes.py
README.md		philosophy.md
_config.yml		scratch.ipynb
_toc.yml		setup.py
about.md		test_abc.py
abstract_base_class.py	tests_alt.py
alternative_classes.py	tests_helpers.py
curgit			tests_imp.py

and we can look at its contents too

cat curgit

On branch organization
Changes not staged for commit:
  (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
  (use "git restore <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
	modified:   README.md

Untracked files:
  (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
	curgit

no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")

This also highlights a bit more about how the redirect works.

The curgit file was created first, and then the command was run, with its output goign to that file instead of to stdout.

Important

Redirect docs

Note this also explains that < is for redirecting inputs (stdin is also a file like stdout and has input, like your keyboard)

this is not a file we actually want, which gives us a chance to learn another new bash command: rm for remove

rm curgit

Important

Note that this is a true, full, and complete DELETE, this does not put the file in your recycling bin or the apple trash can that you can recover the file from, it is gone for real.

We will see soon a way around this, because git can help.

use rm with great care

git status

On branch organization
Changes not staged for commit:
  (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
  (use "git restore <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
	modified:   README.md

no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")

Now we have made some changes we want, so let’s commit our changes.

When we want to commit all files that are changed or deleted we can use the -a option. This does not do anything to untracked files. Thi option is short for all, and can also be used like --all, so you cannot pick a subset of files out with this option.

git commit -a -m 'add to readme'

[organization 29ffc88] add to readme
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)

and we confirm that it is what we want

git status

On branch organization
nothing to commit, working tree clean

clean working area, ready to keep going

Now, let’s go back to thinking about redirects. We saw that with two >> we appended to the file. With just one what happens?

echo "hello" > README.md 

Now we look at the file:

cat README.md 

hello

It wrote over. This would be bad, we lost content, but this is what git is for!

It is very very easy to undo work since our last commit.

This is good for times when you have something you have an idea and you do not know if it is going to work, so you make a commit before you try it. Then you can try it out. If it doesn’t work you can undo and go back to the place where you made the commit.

We can also use git status for a hint.

git status

On branch organization
Changes not staged for commit:
  (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
  (use "git restore <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
	modified:   README.md

no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")

Notice that it tells us what to do (use "git restore <file>..." to discard changes in working directory). The version of README.md that we broke is in the working directory but not commited to git, so git refers to them as “changes” in the working directory.

Let’s follow the hint

git restore README.md 

First we will check with git

git status

On branch organization
nothing to commit, working tree clean

back to a clean working tree is a good sign!

and it looks like it did before the > line. and we can check the file too

cat README.md 

# GitHub Practice

Name: Sarah Brown
hello

back how we wanted it!

5.6. What if I forget the `-m`#

Now we will add some text to the README so we have a single point of reference about what these files are “about”

echo "|file | contents |
> > | ------| ------- |
> > | abstract_base_class.py | core abstract classes for the project |
> > | helper_functions.py | utitly funtions that are called by many classes |
> > | important_classes.py | classes that inherit from the abc |
> > | alternative_classes.py | classes that inherit from the abc |
> > | LICENSE.md | the info on how the code can be reused|
> > | CONTRIBUTING.md | instructions for how people can contribute to the project|
> > | setup.py | file with function with instructions for pip |
> > | test_abc.py | tests for constructors and methods in abstract_base_class.py|
> > | tests_helpers.py | tests for constructors and methods in helper_functions.py|
> > | tests_imp.py | tests for constructors and methods in important_classes.py|
> > | tests_alt.py | tests for constructors and methods in alternative_classes.py|
> > | API.md | jupyterbook file to generate api documentation |
> > | _config.yml | jupyterbook config for documentation |
> > | _toc.yml | jupyter book toc file for documentation |
> > | philosophy.md | overview of how the code is organized for docs |
> > | example.md | myst notebook example of using the code |
> > | scratch.ipynb | jupyter notebook from dev |" >> README.md

this explains each file a little bit more than the name of it does. We see there are sort of 5 groups of files:

about the project/repository
code that defines a python module
test code
documentation
extra files that “we know” we can delete.

We also learn something about bash: using the open quote " then you stay inside that until you close it. when you press enter the command does not run until after you close the quotes

git status

On branch organization
Changes not staged for commit:
  (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
  (use "git restore <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
	modified:   README.md

no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")

This time we will add separately

git add .

and commit without using -m

git commit

This brings us into vim. vim is a ubiquitous, but not novice friendly terminal text editor.

What is is doing is making a temporary file for you, opening it in the vim editor and waiting for you to write a commit message.

Important

What you need to know about vim:

it has 2 modes, command and edit
in command mode pressing keys does not enter text, but does commands
in edit mode, it says ~insert~ at the bottom
to get into edit mode press a
to get into command mode press escape
to exit type :wq and press enter or return

Once you edit your temp file so that there is a line without a # that has your commit message and exit, your commit gets created.

[organization 260c9c3] describe the files
 1 file changed, 19 insertions(+)

5.7. Moving files and patterns#

First, we’ll make a directory with mkdir

mkdir docs

We can see that it worked with ls

ls

API.md			example.md
CONTRIBUTING.md		helper_functions.py
LICENSE.md		important_classes.py
README.md		philosophy.md
_config.yml		scratch.ipynb
_toc.yml		setup.py
about.md		test_abc.py
abstract_base_class.py	tests_alt.py
alternative_classes.py	tests_helpers.py
docs			tests_imp.py

next we will move a file there with mv

mv philosophy.md docs/

what this does is change the path of the file from .../gh-inclass-sp24-brownsarahm/philosophy.md to .../gh-inclass-sp24-brownsarahm/docs/philosophy.md

Important

moving a file means changing its path; it does not rewrite the file.

While it is useful to think of a path like an address, a path is not tied to a specific memory location on the disk. The operating system keeps an index of the human readable paths that relates them to atual memory locations on the storage device.

mv updates that index, not the actual storage device.

This doesn’t return anything, but we can see the effect with ls

ls

API.md			example.md
CONTRIBUTING.md		helper_functions.py
LICENSE.md		important_classes.py
README.md		scratch.ipynb
_config.yml		setup.py
_toc.yml		test_abc.py
about.md		tests_alt.py
abstract_base_class.py	tests_helpers.py
alternative_classes.py	tests_imp.py
docs

the philosophy.md file is no longer visible in the current working directory.

We can also use ls with a relative or absolute path of a directory to list tht location instead of our current working directory.

ls docs/

philosophy.md

5.7.1. Move can also rename files#

We have one file with test_ and a bunch of others with tests_. We want them all to follow the same pattern, so let’s rename.

We can use mv to change the name as well. This is because “moving” a file and is really about changing its path, not actually copying it from one location to another and the file name is a part of the path.

mv test_abc.py tests_abc.py

This changes the path from .../test_abc.py to .../tests_abc.py to. It is doing the same thing as when we use it to move a file from one folder to another folder, but changing a different part of the path.

ls

API.md			example.md
CONTRIBUTING.md		helper_functions.py
LICENSE.md		important_classes.py
README.md		scratch.ipynb
_config.yml		setup.py
_toc.yml		tests_abc.py
about.md		tests_alt.py
abstract_base_class.py	tests_helpers.py
alternative_classes.py	tests_imp.py
docs

5.7.2. Moving multiple files with patterns#

let’s look at the list of files again.

ls

API.md			example.md
CONTRIBUTING.md		helper_functions.py
LICENSE.md		important_classes.py
README.md		scratch.ipynb
_config.yml		setup.py
_toc.yml		tests_abc.py
about.md		tests_alt.py
abstract_base_class.py	tests_helpers.py
alternative_classes.py	tests_imp.py
docs

We have a lot of tests_ files, we will put them all in one folder. First we create the folder:

mkdir tests

We can use the * wildcard operator to move all files that match the pattern.

mv tests_* tests/

Again, we confirm it worked by seeing that they are no longer in the working directory.

ls

API.md			alternative_classes.py
CONTRIBUTING.md		docs
LICENSE.md		example.md
README.md		helper_functions.py
_config.yml		important_classes.py
_toc.yml		scratch.ipynb
about.md		setup.py
abstract_base_class.py	tests

and that they are in tests

ls tests/

tests_abc.py		tests_helpers.py
tests_alt.py		tests_imp.py

success!

We will do the same thing for the .yml files to move them to the docs folder

mv *.yml docs/

Next we are going to move the Python files that are for the “package” that we have made. We will make a folder for this too.

mkdir pkg

Here we want to move all of the .py files that have a _ in the name, because the only one we do not want to move is setup.py

mv *_*.py

usage: mv [-f | -i | -n] [-v] source target
       mv [-f | -i | -n] [-v] source ... directory

I made an error here so it gave me usage for the command.

mv requires both a source and target, and I did not provide one.

Once I fix it

mv *_*.py pkg/

we see that it works.

Warning

Some students got a different error message, instead of being told they had used the command wrong, their error message said that important_classes.py is not a directory. That tells me that what happened was the *_*.py was expanded to a list of files and then mv tried to work on the list of files using all but the last one as sources and tried to use the last one as the destination.

To debug, I tried comparing bash versions, but it appears that we had the same version, so why we saw different behavior is TBD.

this is worth a community badge if you can explain why

bash --version

GNU bash, version 3.2.57(1)-release (x86_64-apple-darwin20)
Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

5.8. Hidden files#

We are going to make a special hidden file and an extra one. We will use the following command:

touc .secret .gitignore

bash: touc: command not found

I spelled touch wrong so bash told me the command was not found.

touch .secret .gitignore

We also learn 2 things about touch and bash:

touch can make multiple files at a time
lists in bash are separated by spaces and do not require brackets

We can see if it worked:

ls

API.md		README.md	example.md	setup.py
CONTRIBUTING.md	about.md	pkg		tests
LICENSE.md	docs		scratch.ipynb

but then notice that we cannot see hidden files as is

using the -a option we can:

ls -a

.		.secret		about.md	setup.py
..		API.md		docs		tests
.git		CONTRIBUTING.md	example.md
.github		LICENSE.md	pkg
.gitignore	README.md	scratch.ipynb

lets put some content in the secret (it will actually not be going to GitHub)

echo "my dev secret" >> .secret

Now we can check with git

git status

On branch organization
Changes to be committed:
  (use "git restore --staged <file>..." to unstage)
	new file:   tests_abc.py

Changes not staged for commit:
  (use "git add/rm <file>..." to update what will be committed)
  (use "git restore <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
	deleted:    _config.yml
	deleted:    _toc.yml
	deleted:    abstract_base_class.py
	deleted:    alternative_classes.py
	deleted:    helper_functions.py
	deleted:    important_classes.py
	deleted:    philosophy.md
	deleted:    test_abc.py
	deleted:    tests_abc.py
	deleted:    tests_alt.py
	deleted:    tests_helpers.py
	deleted:    tests_imp.py

Untracked files:
  (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
	.gitignore
	.secret
	docs/
	pkg/
	tests/

we have lots of changes, including he secret file. it is not tracked yet, but git is still telling us that it sees it. We want git to ignore the secret file.

gitignore lets us not track certain files

let’s ignore that .secret file

echo ".secret" >> .gitignore

Next we check in with git again

git status

On branch organization
Changes to be committed:
  (use "git restore --staged <file>..." to unstage)
	new file:   tests_abc.py

Changes not staged for commit:
  (use "git add/rm <file>..." to update what will be committed)
  (use "git restore <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
	deleted:    _config.yml
	deleted:    _toc.yml
	deleted:    abstract_base_class.py
	deleted:    alternative_classes.py
	deleted:    helper_functions.py
	deleted:    important_classes.py
	deleted:    philosophy.md
	deleted:    test_abc.py
	deleted:    tests_abc.py
	deleted:    tests_alt.py
	deleted:    tests_helpers.py
	deleted:    tests_imp.py

Untracked files:
  (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
	.gitignore
	docs/
	pkg/
	tests/

and the .secret file is no longer there! git is not checking on that file at all.

5.8.1. Gitignore works with patterns too#

First, I’ll make a folder

mkdir my_secrets

then go into it

cd my_secrets/

and make a bunch of files

touch a b c d e f

git status

On branch organization
Changes to be committed:
  (use "git restore --staged <file>..." to unstage)
	new file:   ../tests_abc.py

Changes not staged for commit:
  (use "git add/rm <file>..." to update what will be committed)
  (use "git restore <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
	deleted:    ../_config.yml
	deleted:    ../_toc.yml
	deleted:    ../abstract_base_class.py
	deleted:    ../alternative_classes.py
	deleted:    ../helper_functions.py
	deleted:    ../important_classes.py
	deleted:    ../philosophy.md
	deleted:    ../test_abc.py
	deleted:    ../tests_abc.py
	deleted:    ../tests_alt.py
	deleted:    ../tests_helpers.py
	deleted:    ../tests_imp.py

Untracked files:
  (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
	../.gitignore
	../docs/
	./
	../pkg/
	../tests/

Important

notice that the paths all start with .. because we are in a subdirectory of the git repo, but not the top of it.

we will go back up

cd ..

and now ignore that folder we just made:

echo my_secrets/* >> .gitignore

next we check in with git

git status

On branch organization
Changes to be committed:
  (use "git restore --staged <file>..." to unstage)
	new file:   tests_abc.py

Changes not staged for commit:
  (use "git add/rm <file>..." to update what will be committed)
  (use "git restore <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
	deleted:    _config.yml
	deleted:    _toc.yml
	deleted:    abstract_base_class.py
	deleted:    alternative_classes.py
	deleted:    helper_functions.py
	deleted:    important_classes.py
	deleted:    philosophy.md
	deleted:    test_abc.py
	deleted:    tests_abc.py
	deleted:    tests_alt.py
	deleted:    tests_helpers.py
	deleted:    tests_imp.py

Untracked files:
  (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
	.gitignore
	docs/
	my_secrets/
	pkg/
	tests/

It did not work because we did not put the text we were adding to .gitignore with echo in quotes. Let’s fix it and then inspect futher what happened

echo "my_secrets/*" >> .gitignore

Now we check again

git status

On branch organization
Changes to be committed:
  (use "git restore --staged <file>..." to unstage)
	new file:   tests_abc.py

Changes not staged for commit:
  (use "git add/rm <file>..." to update what will be committed)
  (use "git restore <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
	deleted:    _config.yml
	deleted:    _toc.yml
	deleted:    abstract_base_class.py
	deleted:    alternative_classes.py
	deleted:    helper_functions.py
	deleted:    important_classes.py
	deleted:    philosophy.md
	deleted:    test_abc.py
	deleted:    tests_abc.py
	deleted:    tests_alt.py
	deleted:    tests_helpers.py
	deleted:    tests_imp.py

Untracked files:
  (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
	.gitignore
	docs/
	pkg/
	tests/

It works!

To inspect, let’s look at the .gitignore file

cat .gitignore 

.secret
my_secrets/a my_secrets/b my_secrets/c my_secrets/d my_secrets/e my_secrets/f
my_secrets/*

We see that it has a list of all of the files that match the pattern my_secrets/* on the second line. That would match to each of those files, but not to the directory itself. In contrast, the last line matches both the files and the directory itself.

Finally, we will add and commit. We need to use git add directly because we have files that are untracked that we want to track.

git add .

git commit -m 'oranizizng'

[organization e3b192a] oranizizng
 12 files changed, 3 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 .gitignore
 rename _config.yml => docs/_config.yml (100%)
 rename _toc.yml => docs/_toc.yml (100%)
 rename philosophy.md => docs/philosophy.md (100%)
 rename abstract_base_class.py => pkg/abstract_base_class.py (100%)
 rename alternative_classes.py => pkg/alternative_classes.py (100%)
 rename helper_functions.py => pkg/helper_functions.py (100%)
 rename important_classes.py => pkg/important_classes.py (100%)
 rename test_abc.py => tests/tests_abc.py (100%)
 rename tests_alt.py => tests/tests_alt.py (100%)
 rename tests_helpers.py => tests/tests_helpers.py (100%)
 rename tests_imp.py => tests/tests_imp.py (100%)

5.9. Summary#

stdout is a file, that is displayed on the terminal
“moving” a file does not re-write the data to a different part of the disk, it updates its adress only
the wildcard operator * allows us to use patterns with bash commands
touch can accept a list of files
bash lists are space delimited without any brackets
the .gitignore file prevents files from being in your repo

5.9.1. New commands#

command	explanation
`echo 'message'`	repeat ‘message’ to stdout
`>`	write redirect
`>>`	append redirect
`rm file`	remove (delete) `file`

5.9.2. New git commands#

command	explanation
`git commit -a -m 'msg'`	the `-a` option adds modified files (but not untracked)

5.10. Prepare for next class#

Bring git questions or scenarios you want to be able to solve to class on Thursday (in your mind or comment here if that helps you remember)
Practice using the new bash commands we have learned to read and understand the workflow files in your KWL repo. Look for bash commands that we have seen before. Try to modify files on a prepare branch so that your name is already filled in when your experience badge (inclass) action runs.

5.11. Badges#

Review

badge steps marked lab are steps that you will be encouraged to use lab time to work on. In this case, in lab, we will check that you know what to do, but if we want you to do revisions those will be done through the badge.

Update your KWL chart with the new items and any learned items.
Clone the course website. Append the commands used and the contents of your fall2023/.git/configto a terminal_review.md (hint: history outputs recent commands and redirects can work with any command, not only echo). Edit the README.md, commit, and try to push the changes. What happens and what GitHub concept that we have not used yet might fix it? see your vocab- repo for a list of key github concepts. (answer in the terminal_review.md)
lab Organize the provided messy folder in a Codepsace (details will be provided in lab time). Commit and push the changes. Answer the questions below in your kwl repo in a file called terminal_organization.md
clone your messy_repo locally and append the history.md file to your terminal_organization.md

Practice

badge steps marked lab are steps that you will be encouraged to use lab time to work on. For this one in particular, I am going to give you the messy repo in lab.

Update your KWL chart with any learned items.
Get set up so that you can pull from the course website repo and push to your own fork of the class website by cloning the main repo, then forking it and adding your fork as an additional remote. Append the commands used and the contents of your spring2024/.git/configto a terminalpractice.md (hint: history outputs recent commands and redirects can work with any command, not only echo). Based on what you know so far about forks and branches, what advantage does this setup provide? (answer in the terminal_practice.md)
lab Organize the provided messy folder (details will be provided in lab time). Commit and push the changes. Clone that repo locally.
Organize a folder on your computer ( good candidate may be desktop or downloads folder), using only a terminal to make new directories, move files, check what’s inside them, etc. Answer reflection questions in a new file, terminal_organization_adv.md in your kwl repo. Tip: Start with a file explorer open, but then try to close it, and use only command line tools to explore and make your choices. If you get stuck, look up additional commands to do acomplish your goals.

# Terminal File moving reflection
How was this activity overall Did this get easier toward the end?
How was it different working on your own computer compared to the Codespace form? 
Did you have to look up how to do anything we had not done in class?
When do you think that using the terminal will be better than using your GUI file explorer?
What questions/challenges/ reflections do you have after this?
Append all of the commands you used in lab below. (not from your local computer's history, from the codespace history)

5.12. Experience Report Evidence#

redirect the history to a file

history >> makeup_2023-09-21.md

then move the file created to your KWL repo on your experience report branch.

5.13. Questions After Today’s Class#

5.13.1. Why exactly does the mv command also work as the rename function?#

There is also a rename utility, but mv can do both because “moving” a file is just changing its path.

5.13.2. Can you access the . folders not using terminal?#

Yes, but I do not know the specifics for each operating system. Usually I think you can right click or control a setting somewhere.

5.13.3. Why do some open source projects have a lot of open issues, maybe even more issues than files?#

Some open source projects get innundated with bug reports or questions. Some projects even use issues for other things. For example, the Carpentries trainers repo uses issues to keep track of proposals for running a leadership committee of a group of people. The journal of open source software uses the joss-reviews repo to do peer reviews, it has 12 files and 291 open issues + 6017 closed issues.

5.13.4. How can the “*” be used consistently to move a bunch of file? because we used it with the text infront of the similarity and behind it. i’m just wondering how it’s used for multiple files, because it was used both before the similarity and after the similarity.#

It fills in for any number of characters.

5.13.5. I have some badges from 2 weeks ago that are awaiting a second review after changes had been fixed.#

Important

Do not merge an unapproved badge

Re-request a review

5.13.6. can you close pull requests on the terminal?#

Not with git because pull requests are not a git feature, but it is a feature of github. The gh CLI can do this.

5.13.7. If you do mv * will it move all files?#

In the current working directory.

5.13.8. Are there any other ways of using mv that haven’t been covered yet?#

No those are basically the two purposes.

5.13.9. how often should we be practicing with the terminal for git?#

Ideally, you work on badges on at least several of the days we do not have class so that you are working with it close to every day.

You could also start trying to use them for your other classes.

5.13.10. Would it be beneficial to organize files with github rather than bash?#

GitHub cannot organize files and doing do in broswer would be slow and difficult. We will see that GitHub code spaces give us a virtual machine that we can work with.

When do git and bash give me an advantage?

Contents

5. When do git and bash give me an advantage?#

5.1. Setting the stage#

5.2. Important references#

5.3. Setup#

5.4. Organizing a project (workign with files)#

5.5. Files, Redirects, git restore#

5.6. What if I forget the -m#

5.7. Moving files and patterns#

5.7.1. Move can also rename files#

5.7.2. Moving multiple files with patterns#

5.8. Hidden files#

5.8.1. Gitignore works with patterns too#

5.9. Summary#

5.9.1. New commands#

5.9.2. New git commands#

5.10. Prepare for next class#

5.11. Badges#

5.12. Experience Report Evidence#

5.13. Questions After Today’s Class#

5.13.1. Why exactly does the mv command also work as the rename function?#

5.13.2. Can you access the . folders not using terminal?#

5.13.3. Why do some open source projects have a lot of open issues, maybe even more issues than files?#

5.13.4. How can the “*” be used consistently to move a bunch of file? because we used it with the text infront of the similarity and behind it. i’m just wondering how it’s used for multiple files, because it was used both before the similarity and after the similarity.#

5.13.5. I have some badges from 2 weeks ago that are awaiting a second review after changes had been fixed.#

5.13.6. can you close pull requests on the terminal?#

5.13.7. If you do mv * will it move all files?#

5.13.8. Are there any other ways of using mv that haven’t been covered yet?#

5.13.9. how often should we be practicing with the terminal for git?#

5.13.10. Would it be beneficial to organize files with github rather than bash?#

5.6. What if I forget the `-m`#